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Language includes culture and define human behavior

Introduction

             It is not surprising that various languages are used on Earth because language is an independent symbolic system that reflects the characteristics of a particular culture. There are about 3,000 languages on Earth. American Indians speak about 1,000 languages, 150 languages in India and 740 languages in New Guinea. Culture and language are closely related. Culture is formed and transformed for a long time in that society and represents it. Languages also develop and decadent over a long period of time and have the characteristics of the society. Therefore, culture affects language and language affects culture in many ways. Therefore, it is impossible to understand culture without considering language and to exclude culture and understand language. The characteristics formed in the relationship between this language and culture appear as users’ inherited behavioral habits, which define people’s behavior patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their language to understand people from different cultures. In order to understand language, we need to find out the relationship with culture in language formation, the language that has the characteristics of each culture, and how this trait is manifested in different behaviors.

Relationship of Culture and Language

             First, in order to understand the relationship between language and culture, we need to figure out how it relates to culture in the process of language formation. Culture is generally a complex concept that includes all the thoughts, actions, and objects shared by a group of people. Culture is formed over a long period of time and has historicality. And the users who form their native language are surrounded by a culture that has this historicity. Therefore, language is influenced by the culture surrounding it in the formation process of formation. American language writer Lippi-Green described the process in his essay, comparing language to a home (The Myth of Non-Access, 1997, pp 48 – 51). According to his analogy, users have congenital drawings and equipment when they first form their mother tongue. They figure out what materials they used, how they were built, and what shapes they had, their nannies or brothers, in the house next door. And they expand their life radius by starting social activities such as kindergarten and school. There are more diverse houses in this expanded area, and they add or modify their own homes by looking around them. Over time, when they become adults, their sphere of activity widens and sees a completely different style of house. And they try to build a new style of house, but they don’t have drawings or equipment unlike when they first built it. In the end, they bark similarly, but they are inferior to the original house. In this parable, the house means language. And the style of the house can be seen as a culture. The language group that users can access and refer to in adolescence from the time they first form a language is a language group formed in the same culture. So, the language house first built by the user forms a similar shape to the language house in the culture. In other words, the cultural characteristics in that society influence the formation of language, resulting in similarities within that society. Thus early they may have the drawings and materials that the historicality of the culture forms. On the other hand, houses of different styles of languages that users encounter are languages of different cultures. They do not have drawings and materials unlike the beginning because they belong to different cultures. Therefore, even though a second language house similar to that may be built, it does not constitute a language formed through their culture. This example shows that when users form his new language, they refer to the language of the members of the society to which they belong and thus have similar characteristics but not when forming a language belonging to different cultures. In other words, the characteristic of culture is to persist through language. Then it is also necessary to look into the relationship of languages with different characteristics formed in different cultures.

Relationship of Culture and Language: Language have characteristic of culture

             Secondly, the relationship between the language and culture to be recognized should be seen how the language formed around the culture, as described above, contains the characteristics of each culture. Because language reflects culture, we can check human culture through language. The relationship between language and culture is well represented in the vocabulary because the vocabulary reflects what is considered important in the culture. For example, the Korean language has developed farming terms such as “dabi, hoe, shovel, sputum, and homi,” indicating that Korean society maintains its agricultural culture in the past. Unlike Korea, Eskimo has many words related to snow, and Australia has words related to “sand,” indicating that language reflects the culture of the society. These cultural emphasis points in all languages are directly reflected in the number and specificity of vocabulary. In other words, the emphasis in a culture is expressed in many synonyms and in subdivided terms. Language also affects culture. According to linguists, language builds categories in which the user’s perception is formed. This means that language has more than just a framework for dialogue. Benjamin Warp, who analyzed the relationship between language and culture, argued that language is not just a way of exchanging ideas, but a framework for forming ideas in itself. Therefore, learning a language makes communication smoother by better understanding the way users think and behave in that language. It is also well received in Gloria’s writings. She went further and thought that language contained the identity of the users. Therefore, each culture has its own language, and the attitude toward that language is an attitude to the user. As many linguists argue, language not only functions for communication but also forms a framework for defining culture by exchanging influences with it. Therefore, it can be confirmed that different cultures have different linguistic characteristics because a society that exists within a culture is closely related to its framework, or language.

Relationship of Language and Behavior: Human and Life

             Previously, the relationship with culture in the formation process of language, and through that relationship, we could see how language contains the characteristics of each culture, and how it appears through vocabulary. Then we should find out how language formed in this relationship with culture affects our behavior in real life. It can be said that language defines our behavior because our actions are done within the framework of our thinking and language forms the framework of this thinking. David Shariatmadari, author of ‘Don’t believe a word: The Surprising True About Language’, gave two interesting examples of how language defines human behavior in his article ‘How Much Does Our Language Detector?’ The first example is a local example. Sweden and Finland belong to the same Northern European region and have similar general life, legal system and social constitutive modes. Although people interact with each other and live in each other’s regions, Sweden has 31 percent lower industrial victims than Finland. David found this difference in language. The linguistic roots of Swedish and Finnish are different. Swedish is a North-German language and belongs to the Indo-European language. But Finnish belongs to the Finno-ugric language. These two differ in grammar and vocabulary. In Swedish, prepositions explain the time of the moment well. On the other hand, Finnish, which relies more on suffixes, emphasizes the relationship between objects and other objects. As a result, Finnish, which lacks attention in time, causes frequent accidents in the industry. An example of this difference in language is found in the film industry. A Swedish film is produced in a way that takes the characteristics of Swedish and flows through the beginning and end of time. On the other hand, films in Finnish are produced in a format that highlights temporary movements that emphasize the moment. As such, even though the two languages are frequently exchanged in the same area, the difference between the two languages affects the lifestyle of the two countries, and furthermore, the industry. In other words, the difference in language that contains the characteristics of the culture has a profound effect on our lives, away from simply talking.

Conclusion

             Language is not just a medium for communication. Language is influenced by culture from the process of formation. A language formed under the influence of culture has the characteristics of its culture, and culture is also influenced by language. This relationship of language and culture forms a framework for users’ thinking, which also affects their behavior. Therefore, a person’s behavior is characterized by the language and culture in which he or she belongs. There are various cultures around the world, and each culture also has its own language and behavior. The 21st century is a global era, and we can travel or explore various parts of the globe, not just the areas we live in. Each time we face a new culture, language. When facing new cultures, languages, and people, understanding each other without conflict is important for us living in the present. Therefore, they must learn a language that contains their culture in order to understand and accept each other.

References

Lippi-Green, Rosina. The Myth of Non-Accent. Appalachian Journal and Appalachian State University, 1997. pp 48 – 51

Anzaldua, Gloria. How to Tame a Wild Tongue. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, Aunt Lute Books, 1987.

Shariatmadari, David. “How Much Does Our Language Determine Behavior?”. Behavioral Scientist. 23 Jan 2020. <https://behavioralscientist.org/language-dont-believe-a-word-sapir-whorf-hypothesis/>